The planetary boundary layer (PBL) is a critical component of the Earth’s atmosphere, governing the exchange of momentum, heat, moisture and pollutants between the surface and the free atmosphere.

Difference map of the 200-hPa geopotential height (unit: m) between the control and sensitive (turn off latent heating) experiments based on WRF model during 4‒12 February 2023. The time series is the ...

Turbulence makes many people uneasy or downright queasy. And it's given researchers a headache, too. Mathematicians have been trying for a century or more to understand the turbulence that arises when ...