Antibiotics are among the most frequently prescribed drugs in medicine. Their use, however, is often limited by associated renal toxic effects. The most common manifestation of these toxic effects is ...

Fluid, electrolyte and mineral perturbations are prevalent features of tropical disease. Hemodynamic alterations, fever, nitrogen wasting, and changes in membrane transport and acid–base balance ...

The article by Berend et al. 1 in this issue of the Journal is the first in a series of review articles that consider approaches to the understanding and management of fluid, electrolyte, and ...

A chloride blood test, or serum chloride level, can be part of a comprehensive or basic metabolic panel. Some health conditions, including dehydration, can affect chloride levels. Chloride is an ...

The anion gap blood test measures the acid-base and electrolyte balance in the blood. Results can show whether there is an imbalance in a person’s pH levels, which may be making the blood too acidic ...

Optimal ranges are set at different levels for each electrolyte, and levels can be measured with a blood test. If you have an electrolyte imbalance, you either have too much or too little of one or ...

Acid-base balance refers to the levels of acidity and alkalinity your blood needs in order to keep your body functioning. Too much acid in the blood is known as acidosis, while too much alkalinity is ...

Hyperchloremia is when a person has too much chloride in their blood. Chloride is an electrolyte, and changes in electrolyte levels can be a sign of dehydration. In the long term, hyperchloremia can ...