The heart’s apex is located at the bottom tip of the heart. It consists of the left and right ventricles. Conditions affecting the heart’s apex include myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, and heart attack.

Cardiac auscultation is a skill that is sadly unappreciated by many clinicians. There are a variety of reasons that account for this attitude. These include (1) the difficulty of learning auscultation ...

Doctors have been listening to the sounds our bodies make for years. Before the invention of stethoscopes, they simply put their ears to their patients' chests or abdomens. The technical term for this ...