Unless you design EDGE or 3G/UMTS cell phone handsets, you may not have heard of polar modulation. As you know, there are only a few basic types of modulation, but they have been ...

Also known as IQ modulation, the signaling has become a staple in wireless digital communications. It's based on modulating signals that are 90 degrees apart in phase.

There are three types of pulse modulation that can be used to build other waveforms with. There are pulse width modulation (PWM), pulse phase modulation (PPM) and pulse location modulation (PLM).

5.3.4 Complex modulation A good approach when working with modulation is to utilize the concept of complex modulation , a general method being able to achieve all the modulation types mentioned above.

In the natural world, animals rely on perceiving a range of signals to survive—and for insects, olfactory cues are ...

Wei Yuan ¹², Dongping Zhang ¹²³, Tao Song ¹², Feiyun Xu ¹²⁴, Sheng Lin ¹², Weifeng Xu ¹², Qianfeng Li ³, Yiyong Zhu ⁴, Jiansheng Liang ³, Jianhua Zhang ², Arabidopsis plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase genes ...

The terahertz quantum cascade laser on its mounting. Credit: University of Leeds Lasers that switch on and off billions of times per second are the backbone of optical communications networks, but ...