Keynesian models of economic activity also include a multiplier effect; that is, output changes by some multiple of the increase or decrease in spending that caused the change. If the fiscal ...

However, I identify economic circumstances in which multipliers lie outside those ranges. Finally, I review the debate on whether multipliers were higher for the 2009 Obama stimulus spending in the ...

Is the money multiplier theory a lie? Discover the truth about how commercial banks actually create money. Learn why outdated economic textbooks and YouTube videos get it wrong, and what really limits ...

From the BRICs to Southern Europe, economic analysts are beginning to discuss the conditions for a negative fiscal multiplier. In other words, in spite of the famous identity Y = C(p ...

This paper estimates fiscal policy multipliers for small states using two distinct models: an empirical forecast error model with data from twenty-three small states ...