IN 1888 Graham Steell described his now famous left-sternal-border diastolic murmur and attributed its origin to pulmonary regurgitation caused by high pressure in the pulmonary artery in patients ...

Heart sounds are produced from a specific cardiac event such as closure of a valve or tensing of a chordae tendineae. Many pathologic cardiac conditions can be diagnosed by auscultation of the ...

Disease of the cardiac valves and other cardiac structures frequently results in abnormal, turbulent blood flow within the heart, causing murmurs. Careful auscultation of heart murmurs is an ...

The signs of aortic stenosis on physical exam include a systolic murmur, usually loudest at the right upper sternal border, that peaks late and radiates to the right carotid artery. [10] The ...