T cell receptors (TCRs) are fundamental to the adaptive immune system, playing a pivotal role in recognising and responding to pathogenic challenges. Generated through the process of V(D)J ...

Every time our body encounters a new disease-causing agent, a crucial defense system called adaptive immunity comes into play ...

The brain is shielded from many substances by the blood-brain barrier, but this shield is not impenetrable. There are immune cells in the brain called microglia that can respond to potential invaders ...

Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a critical role in regulating immune responses, allergic inflammation and host defence mechanisms. T helper 9 (TH9) cells, a specialised ...

Just before the pandemic took center stage in 2020, scientists at a T cell memory conference convened to discuss a less than traditional topic: nomenclature. Prior to the event, the workshop ...

T cells play central roles in the adaptive immune response against cancer. Their functional inactivation is a primary driver of tumor progression, making the reactivation of T cell function a main ...

T cells are the immune system’s frontline fighters. When they detect danger, they rapidly multiply and transform into effector cells that destroy pathogens. This transformation demands an intense ...

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-based therapy has greatly improved cancer treatment, especially for hematologic cancers. 1 By providing T cells with synthetic receptors that target tumor ...